The phenomenon of genotype × environment interaction has important implications for selection of superior genotypes which remains as one of the main goals of crop breeding programs. To investigate the seed yield stability of promising spring rapeseed lines in four field stations in southern warm and dry and northern warm and humid agro-climatic zones of Iran. Sixteen open pollinated spring promising rapeseed lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications in two cropping cycles (2015-16 and 2016-17). Combined analysis of variance revealed that the effect of environment on seed yield was significant (P < 0. 01). Genotype × environment interaction effect was also significant (P < 0. 01) on seed yield. GGE biplot analysis identified four mega-environments; Gorgan (Line G8), Sari (Line G4), Sari-Zabol (Line G13) and Zabol (Line G7). Lines G4 (Asa), G8 (Roshana) and G13 (Aram) with average seed yield of 2714, 3349 and 3817 kg ha-1, respectively, had higher seed yield and yield stability. Line G4 had the highest seed yield stability. Line G11 (RGS003) with 2155 kg ha-1 was identified as low yielding with low seed yield stability. Generally, grouping of spring rapeseed lines based on genotype × environment interaction using GGE biplot analysis is a useful approach for selection and releasing of spring rapeseed cultivars with high seed yield potential and yield stability for target environments.

Introduction: Disorders in the expression of any gene effective in spermatogenic pathway is known as a probable cause of non-obstructive azoospermia and male infertility. The way responsible genes for sperm motility are expressed can considerably affect male fertility. Recent studies show that TSGA10 gene is effective in the natural process of spermatogenesis as protein produced by this gene in mouse results in the production of the main structure of sperm tail. Up to now, no comprehensive studies have been done on the way this gene is expressed in the infertile's testical tissue.Materials & Methods: In this study, TSGA10 mRNA expression in testicular samples of 84 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia was investigated by semi-quantitative nested RT-PCR in Avesina Infertility Clinic during 2005-6. Moreover, expression levels of TSGA10 during spermatogenesis were evaluated using Johnsen's method for histopathologic scoring of the samples. For statistical analysis, SPSS software (Version 11.2) was used. The difference between gene expressions was done based on quantitative variables by the use of t-test and covariance analysis and α<0.05 was regarded as a statistically significant value.Results: Testicular TSGA10 mRNA expression was observed in 31 patients, (36.9%), with non-obstructive azoospermia which it had a statistically significant correlation with spermatogenesis progress (p<000.0). Histopathologically, the gene had been expressed in patients with higher Johnsen's score of spermatogenesis while a lack of expression was seen in all of those with Johnsen's score less than 4.5.Conclusion: The findings indicate that TSGA10 is expressed in human testis and it is restricted to germ cells. It seems that lack of TSGA10 expression may have negative effects on spermatogenesis and on male fertility. On the other hand, determination of the timing of gene expression in a certain level of spermatogenesis may also be used to determine levels of spermatogenesis in azoospermic patients alongside histopathological findings.

Insect caste development and their morphological divergence are not yet studied well, especially in ants. However, the role of developmental and genetic integration in evolution is contentious. In our study, we tried to reveal the quantitative genetics selection responses, phylogenetic signal, and evolutionary origin of weaver ant female castes (queen, major and minor). The widening and lengthening of the head region, as well as the welldeveloped mandibular process, are the major heritable characteristics found in the major worker ants. We hypothesized that these conserved and heritable characteristics may help the major worker ants for defense, foraging purposes and other nest-building function aspects. However, in the case of minor worker, small heads and the reduced mandibular process are the more heritable characteristics. Compared to worker ants, in queen, the highly heritable and conserved morphological character is well-developed thoracic regions and large-sized abdomen. It is interesting to note that there is no detectable phylogenetic signal across the female cast of the Asian weaver ants, which suggests that the caste development and morphological divergence are environmentally modulated not evolutionary conserved. From this study, we concluded that caste-Specific morphological shape and size are highly conserved traits and these traits are modulated by their niche preferences.

Bacteriophage is the phage which causes the microbial host to infect and coliphage is the bacteriophage which in fects Escherichia coli. The presence of coliphage in surface waters is the indication of fecal contamination (enteric viruses). The objective of this study was evaluation of enteric viruses recovery from farmed fish using Male Specific coliphage (MS2) as an indicator bacteriophage for enteric viruses due to stable connection to surfaces. MS2 coliphage was used to contaminate farmed Salmon fish in three concentrations (103, 105 and 108 pfu/ml) all around Mashhad city. After phage spiked, Coliphage recovery was evaluated using double agar layer technique from three different parts of Salmon fish (gills, skin flesh and interceptive) according to the best procedure (glycine- threonine- polyethylene glycol). The highest coliphage recovery in the lowest spiked concentration (103pfu/ml) was in skin-flesh of Salmon fish while interceptive of Salmon fish had the highest recovery in 105pfu/ml of spiked concentration.

Understanding of GE interaction structure is very important in plant breeding programs. Multilocation trials play an important role in determination of interaction dimensions. In order to evaluate the multiplicative structure of data, different methods are used. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI analysis) and investigation of biplot based on this method is very effective. The present study was undertaken on mean performance to evaluate GE interaction and identify general and Specific adaptation using 14 wheat genotype along with two checks, Sardari and Azar-2 for 3 years(1999,2000 and 2001) in 6 locations. The results indicated that Kermanshah and Shirvan were strongly associated, and located in a similar group. Zanjan and Kordestan were strongly associated and located in a similar group. However, Ilam and Maragheh placed in a separate groups. The genotypes Ptz Niska/…, Bow”s”/ Gen//…, Pvn"s"/Chi//... and Heng-Sxl-7004/... showed the highest general adaptation with the environments. The genotypes that showed the most Specific adaptation included: Ptz Niska/…, Bow”s”/Gen//…, Bow”s”/Gen//…, Son64/4/…, Azar-2” and Sardari for Kordestan and Zanjan; 87ZHONG291, Seafallh, Pvn"s"/Chi//… and Heng-Sxl-7004/... for Shirvan; Seafallh, Bow”s”/Crow”s”//… and Heng-Sxl-7004/... for Kermanshah; Bow"s"/Crow//"s"..., Dmni//Sut/…, 87ZHONG291 and Heng-Sxl-7004/... for Ilam and Pvn"s"/Chi// …, Ogosta/Sefied and Fengkang15/sefid for Maragheh. The genotype Son64/4/… performed the highest interaction with all the environments, and had the least general adaptation.